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Levels are used to create horizontal surfaces, measure differences in height or to equip and set up machines and buildings. When measuring with the instruments, the specialist speaks of leveling. A so-called leveling staff is used for this purpose. A scale is applied to these levelling rods, which is called the E graduation. The graduation helps the surveyor to read the measured values better and more accurately. Other common names for these devices are leveling device, construction level or leveling instrument. In summary, these devices can be described as surveying instruments.
There are basically three different types of levels. On the one hand, there is the construction level, a surveyor's level and a digital level. In principle, the devices work according to the same method, but differ in terms of accuracy, convenience and, as a result, the areas of application.
Today's levels are self-leveling, i.e. the instruments align themselves automatically in the horizontal plane within a certain range by means of a pendulum compensator. Thanks to their freely rotatable vertical axis, horizontal points can be aimed at all around. A corresponding telescopic sight on the level is used for this purpose. The optics differ in terms of magnification and, in some cases, the printed target marks. Digital levels also have a type of digital camera with a barcode reading function.
In addition to levelling rods, there are other useful and indispensable tools. These include leveling tripods on which the levels can be positioned at eye level. There are also so-called rod holders, which can be used to fix a levelling rod to a tripod and thus carry out a one-man measurement.